Discovering Language：An Introduction to Linguistics for Students in Taiwan (英文版)

簡介

本書是專為介紹台灣大學語言學課程。其目的是激勵學生，激發他們對語言的興趣，以及瞭解語言的本質並融入他們的生活中。比大多數的語言學教科書篇幅更短、更易於閱讀，但有更多的內容是直接關係到學生在台灣的生活，如國語，台語和原住民的南島語的例子。書中的練習題可讓學生檢查他們的學習成效。

more...

目次

Chapter 1 – What Are We Talking About?
PROPERTIES OF LANGUAGE
Displacement
A Series of Levels
Productivity
Conventionality
Discreteness and Contrasts
Social Behavior and Cultural Transmission
Change
Gesture
WHAT ARE WE GOING TO STUDY?
PRACTICAL USES OF LINGUISTICS
THE PRESENTATION OF LINGUISTIC EXAMPLES
SUMMARY: What Are We Talking About?
ACTIVITIES
Chapter 2 – Psycholinguistics
FOUR PRESSURES ON LANGUAGE
Be Clear
Be Processible
Be Quick and Easy
Be Expressive
UNIVERSAL OPERATING PRINCIPLES
A. Pay attention to the ends of words
B. There are elements of language, grammatical markers, which show the relations
between words
C. Avoid exceptions
D. Basic elements of meaning should be marked openly and clearly
E. The use of grammatical markers should make sense
GRAMMAR GROWS
COMPREHENSION OF SPEECH
SPEECH PRODUCTION
GESTURE
SUMMARY: Psycholinguistics
ACTIVITIES
Chapter 3 – Sociolinguistics
THE SOCIOLINGUISTIC VIEW
MUTUAL INTELLIGIBILITY
VARIETIES OF LANGUAGE
LANGUAGE AND SOCIAL GENDER
POLITENESS
A Cross-cultural Comparison
Compliments
SUMMARY: Sociolinguistics
ACTIVITIES
Your Language(s)
Chapter 4 – Phonetics and Phonology
PHONETICS
Consonants
Vowels
Syllables
Suprasegmentals: Elements of Sound that Interact with Syllables and Longer Units
PHONOLOGY
Interaction between Phonology and Other Parts of Grammar
SUMMARY: Phonetics and phonology
ACTIVITIES
Chapter 5 – Morphology
BASIC CONCEPTS
DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY
INFLECTIONAL MORPHOLOGY
Inflections on Nouns
Inflections on Verbs
Agreement and Government
Types of Inflectional Morphology
Mapping
INTERACTION BETWEEN MORPHOLOGY AND PHONOLOGY
WORDS THAT GO TOGETHER: COLLOCATIONS
SUMMARY: Morphology
ACTIVITIES
Chapter 6 – Syntax
WORD CLASSES
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
Adpositions
PHRASES AND HEADS
Head-initial and Head-final Languages
Head-marking and Dependent-marking
CLAUSES AND SENTENCES
Other Ways of Creating Complex Sentences
CONSTITUENTS
SYNTACTIC RELATIONS
SYNTACTIC PROCESSES
The Passive
The Causative
Other Processes
SUMMARY: Syntax
ACTIVITIES
Chapter 7 – Semantics, Pragmatics, and Discourse
THOUGHT
MAPPING MEANING ONTO LANGUAGE
WORD MEANING
Features
FROM WORDS TO LONGER EXPRESSIONS
Prototypes, Stereotypes, and Relational Meaning
Reference and Sense
PRAGMATICS AND DISCOURSE
MARKEDNESS
SUMMARY: Semantics, Pragmatics, & Discourse
ACTIVITIES
Chapter 8 – Language Change
SOUND CHANGE
MORPHOLOGICAL AND SYNTACTIC CHANGE
WORD CHANGE
HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS
SUMMARY: Language Change
ACTIVITIES
Chapter 9 – Writing and Language
TYPES OF WRITING SYSTEMS
Morphosyllabary
Syllabary
Abjad
Alphabet
Abugida
HangulHOW WRITING REPRESENTS LANGUAGE
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WRITING AND LANGUAGE AND SPEECH
Writing Systems, Scripts, and Orthographies
Rate of Change
Physical Existence
Features of Writing Unrelated to Speech
Social Aspects
Dependence on Technology
SUMMARY: Writing and Language
ACTIVITIES
Review Questions on Each Chapter
Project Descriptions
References
Index