身體與情緒：施密茨新現象學及其發展

簡介

赫爾曼．施密茨（Hermann Schmitz）1928年出生在德國萊比錫，於2021年5月5日逝世於基爾。從1964年至1980年持續發表了五部十冊的《哲學體系》（System der Philosophie）為其一生的代表著作，並奠定了以「新現象學」（Neue Phänomenologie）為名的哲學學派。他是新現象學的創始人，也是「新現象學學會」（Gesellschaft für Neue Phänomenologie）的精神領袖。若從「新現象學」學派的主要論述看來，學派也可稱為奠基於施密茨諸多關於「身體」的核心論述，所開展出的「身體現象學」學派。

本書包含了身體現象學的理論和實踐兩個方面，並分為兩個主要部分。第一部分介紹施密茨身體現象學的核心概念與其架構。第二部分闡述了新現象學的跨學科發展及其潛在應用。通過施密茨的新現象學，我們展開對胡塞爾現象學理論的修訂，以進一步揭示身體現象的原始混沌與雜多的領域。這將現象學分析擴展到日常經驗中最熟悉，卻難以分析的日常感受，如情感、氛圍、疼痛、自我和虛無感。此外，從意義源於具體身體運作的角度出發，作者展示了如何通過轉變身體團塊的配置和拓撲分布，將患者的不安轉化為安適的可能性，進而呈現新現象學對心理學和精神醫學領域可能提供的實際貢獻。

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目次

自　序 ··································································································································· iii
導　論 ···································································································································· 1
第一部分　新現象學之基本理論
第一章　施密茨與新現象學 ········································································ 17
一、施密茨與新現象學 ······················································································ 17
二、當代現象學與新現象學的發展 ····························································· 22
三、新現象學對現象學之修正 ······································································· 26
第二章　身體的情動應覺與動力性 ····················································· 45
一、身體性與情動應覺 ······················································································ 45
二、身體的動態與同一性 ················································································· 59
第三章　原始當前 ·································································································· 71
一、原始當前的五個維度 ················································································· 74
二、存在、此一者與同一化過程 ·································································· 80
三、個體化與原始當前 ······················································································ 87
四、主觀性與混沌雜多 ······················································································ 90
五、原始當前的拓樸學性質 ············································································ 97
第四章　情緒、氛圍與人格 ······································································ 107
一、體感空間與情感空間 ··············································································· 109
二、鑲嵌的身體團塊 ························································································· 127
三、身體處境與人格問題 ··············································································· 140
四、健康狀態與案例 ························································································· 144
第五章　身體的死感 ························································································· 153
一、身體意識與物意識 ···················································································· 153
二、「受識」與身體死感 ··············································································· 160
三、冥視空間 ········································································································ 170
四、身體人文空間與身體療癒的技術 ····················································· 174
第二部分　新現象學之應用與發展
第六章　身體情緒與身體現象學 ························································· 181
一、前言 ··················································································································· 183
二、中介的追尋 ··································································································· 185
三、聲音空間與身體空間 ··············································································· 187
四、冥視空間與身體現象學 ·········································································· 190
五、身體情緒與身體內景的描述 ································································ 194
六、身念住身體技術與身體時間 ································································ 198
第七章　自我分裂的問題：從胡塞爾至施密茨 ··················· 207
一、還原與自我分裂的問題 ·········································································· 208
二、自我與發生現象學的動機 ····································································· 215
三、還原以及與自身維持外部的關係 ····················································· 221
四、一個拓樸的解釋 ························································································· 229
第八章　思覺失調症與身體現象學 ··················································· 243
一、精神疾病與身體現象學 ·········································································· 243
二、思覺失調症與身體心理治療 ································································ 246
三、施密茨身體現象學的特點 ····································································· 250
四、原始當前與個人處境 ··············································································· 253
五、思覺失調症的分類 ···················································································· 257
六、討論 ··················································································································· 262
第九章　情緒與表情：身體現象學的解釋 ································ 273
一、漢弗萊：感覺是知覺的附帶演出 ····················································· 273
二、德勒茲：「運動—影像」、「情動—影像」與容貌 ············· 277
三、情緒與表情的身體動力學 ····································································· 290
第十章　施密茨論身體性的倫理學 ··················································· 301
一、身體倫理學的思考 ···················································································· 302
二、關於身體作為基礎的想法 ····································································· 309
三、身體倫理學的思考 ···················································································· 318
結　論 ································································································································ 331
徵引書目 ········································································································ 335
索　引 ········································································································································· 351